老鼠的错
老鼠的错
我不是在用botox么,刚刚战战兢兢过滤的那一点200微升溶液含价值150刀的botox---然后我就紧张扎不到细胞的问题,当然现在我已经认识到能不能扎到细胞最重要是脑片切没切好,但是我现在切脑片的条件相当稳定,还是有时好,有时侯没那么好,有时侯简直是很差---一看就没有能扎的细胞,不过很差的时候相当少,且原因明显,供氧不足。看文献有人说是应该30秒钟从切脑袋到脑子取出来,我照着这个标准努力,现在平均50秒,最快40秒。跟斜对门一个老教授聊天,说起来这个速度问题,他说:速度是一个方面,创伤是另外一个方面,不能只追求速度。然后我很烦恼的说我现在条件都差不多,为什么有时好,有时侯坏。老教授说:你知道,老鼠和老鼠是不一样的,有时侯是老鼠的问题。我很高兴,以后试验做不出来,我可以怪老鼠了。
the end
the end
乡音无改鬓毛衰
I wrote about botox for my candidancy exam proposal a few years ago. Botox was not this hot back then. Most of the references called it to treat migrane etc.
Dr. Tiffany, are you using it to paralyze the trnasmission between nerve cells in the brain?
I had the vague impression that botox works really well on motor neurons ?
Dr. Tiffany, are you using it to paralyze the trnasmission between nerve cells in the brain?
I had the vague impression that botox works really well on motor neurons ?
Remember people have spent 20 years of the best time of their lives to learn this Martian language.
Silky, I'm not sure Botox has actually been FDA-approved for cosmetic treatment. They are, however, studying its effect on stroke-related muscle stiffness or paralysis. I don't know the details.
It's my very rough understanding that neurotransmitters are packaged into little capsules and the shells of these capsules are made from the presynaptic cell membrane. The balls then float, swim, glide toward the post-synaptic membrane and would normally fuse with the post-synaptic membrane and thus dump the content (eg, acetylcholine or serotonin or dopamine) into the post-synaptic cells... Does Botox block the receptors on the post-synaptic membrane or bind with the little capsules before they meet up with the PS membrane?
Silky, I'm not sure Botox has actually been FDA-approved for cosmetic treatment. They are, however, studying its effect on stroke-related muscle stiffness or paralysis. I don't know the details.
It's my very rough understanding that neurotransmitters are packaged into little capsules and the shells of these capsules are made from the presynaptic cell membrane. The balls then float, swim, glide toward the post-synaptic membrane and would normally fuse with the post-synaptic membrane and thus dump the content (eg, acetylcholine or serotonin or dopamine) into the post-synaptic cells... Does Botox block the receptors on the post-synaptic membrane or bind with the little capsules before they meet up with the PS membrane?
nah, jun you are talking about different things.
botox works on the process of transmitter release, a fusion event. basically, what happens during the event is that the vesicle, which is lipid membrane, fuses with pre-synaptic membrane---also lipid membrane, and the content of the vesicle is no longer contained and difuse freely across the space between pre and post synapse, and hits the receptor on the postsynaptic side. It is just something like a small soap bubble melt into a big soap bubble, and the air inside the small bubble is out. now, the process needs a couple protein in order for the vesicle to dock onto the presynaptic membrane, in another word, the small soap bubble needs some anchor-like structure to get in contact with the big soap bubble, and botox just hammer that structure down, thus, no transmitter release.
Prozac is, far as I remember, a 5-HT recycle blocker or 5-HT degradation blocker, anyway, it works to increase the 5-HT level in the brain. Its effect is mostly post-synaptic, I am not really sure there is pre-synaptic 5-HT receptors, though, will report back to you after a pubmed search
botox works on the process of transmitter release, a fusion event. basically, what happens during the event is that the vesicle, which is lipid membrane, fuses with pre-synaptic membrane---also lipid membrane, and the content of the vesicle is no longer contained and difuse freely across the space between pre and post synapse, and hits the receptor on the postsynaptic side. It is just something like a small soap bubble melt into a big soap bubble, and the air inside the small bubble is out. now, the process needs a couple protein in order for the vesicle to dock onto the presynaptic membrane, in another word, the small soap bubble needs some anchor-like structure to get in contact with the big soap bubble, and botox just hammer that structure down, thus, no transmitter release.
Prozac is, far as I remember, a 5-HT recycle blocker or 5-HT degradation blocker, anyway, it works to increase the 5-HT level in the brain. Its effect is mostly post-synaptic, I am not really sure there is pre-synaptic 5-HT receptors, though, will report back to you after a pubmed search
乡音无改鬓毛衰
nah, after fusion, transmitter is just free as bird, however, it is governed by the physical law, and goes across the synaptic cleft, from high concentration to low concentration, and of course it winds up hitting the receptor on the postsynaptic side, which located on the post- side.
Botox doesn't do a thing here, once the transmitter is released, botox doesn't affect its action anymore.
Botox doesn't do a thing here, once the transmitter is released, botox doesn't affect its action anymore.
乡音无改鬓毛衰
我犯了概念性错误 ,还把Jun 搅和糊涂了. Jun最先说的对,白博说的也对---neurotransmitters在synapse是光溜溜儿的,不需要vesicle“小船”。
在pre-synaptic neuron里,vesicle“小船”载着neurotransmitters靠岸,靠的是pre-synaptic 的内膜, botox切的铰链就在这个内膜上。
一旦三条铰链绞住,vesicle“小船”和内膜fuse,neurotransmitters就裸奔进到synapse里了。
synapse里,不能被post-synaptic neuron接收的多余的neurotransmitters可以被pre-synaptic neuron重新吸收,Prozac是妨碍这一步。
在pre-synaptic neuron里,vesicle“小船”载着neurotransmitters靠岸,靠的是pre-synaptic 的内膜, botox切的铰链就在这个内膜上。
一旦三条铰链绞住,vesicle“小船”和内膜fuse,neurotransmitters就裸奔进到synapse里了。
synapse里,不能被post-synaptic neuron接收的多余的neurotransmitters可以被pre-synaptic neuron重新吸收,Prozac是妨碍这一步。
丝博说的对。
哎,这个没什么复杂的。神经和神经之间要传递信息对吧?信息传递一个是给出消息方,一个是接受消息方。给出消息方给消息的方式就是释放神经递质,所谓神经递质都是些小分子的东西,有几种是氨基酸,反正都是些诸如此类的东西,在溶液里面扩散的很快的。这些小分子在细胞里面不是自由自在漂着的,而是给打成了一个一个的包裹的。有需要传递消息的时候,给出消息方就把包裹内容抖出去,这些小分子一下子就扩散到接受消息方了。接受消息方如何接受消息的呢?原来人家的细胞膜上有受体,就是能跟递质结合的蛋白质,一结合了,接受消息方就知道来消息了。
所以说,要阻断细胞之间互相传递消息过程有两个地方可以下手。1,你可以不让给出消息方发出消息,2,你可以不让接受消息方收到消息。botox作用就是第一种,它不让给出消息方发消息了。具体的过程经过若干科学家的研究也就是这个包裹内容抖出去的过程中有一个蛋白质给botox切掉了,切掉了以后,包裹就出不去了。
这东西说简单也简单,说复杂也复杂。
哎,这个没什么复杂的。神经和神经之间要传递信息对吧?信息传递一个是给出消息方,一个是接受消息方。给出消息方给消息的方式就是释放神经递质,所谓神经递质都是些小分子的东西,有几种是氨基酸,反正都是些诸如此类的东西,在溶液里面扩散的很快的。这些小分子在细胞里面不是自由自在漂着的,而是给打成了一个一个的包裹的。有需要传递消息的时候,给出消息方就把包裹内容抖出去,这些小分子一下子就扩散到接受消息方了。接受消息方如何接受消息的呢?原来人家的细胞膜上有受体,就是能跟递质结合的蛋白质,一结合了,接受消息方就知道来消息了。
所以说,要阻断细胞之间互相传递消息过程有两个地方可以下手。1,你可以不让给出消息方发出消息,2,你可以不让接受消息方收到消息。botox作用就是第一种,它不让给出消息方发消息了。具体的过程经过若干科学家的研究也就是这个包裹内容抖出去的过程中有一个蛋白质给botox切掉了,切掉了以后,包裹就出不去了。
这东西说简单也简单,说复杂也复杂。
乡音无改鬓毛衰